Chandipura virus infection in Gujarat:
The Gujarat government on Monday (July 15) said that six children have died of suspected Chandipura virus (CHPV) infection since july 10, and total cases 12, rushikesh patel, who is state Health Minister informed that we collect the sample from all that person and have been sent to pune’s National Institute of Virology for confirmation.
State Health Minister said: “Four of these 12 patients are from Sabarkantha district, three from Aravalli, and one each from Mahisagar and Kheda. Two patients are from Rajasthan, and one is from Madhya Pradesh. They received treatment in Gujarat,”
All 12 samples, including eight patients at the civil hospital in Sabarkantha, have been sent to Pune’s National Institute of Virology (NIV) for confirmation,” Patel said. “Five out of the last six deaths have been reported from the civil hospital in Himatnagar in Sabarkantha district.
What is CHPV infection and how is it transmitted?
CHPV is a virus of the Rhabdoviridae family. some mosquitoes, ticks and sand Flies (Name: Phlebotomine sandflies and Phlebotomus papatasi) are considered vectors of CHPV. The virus resides in the salivary gland of these insects, and can be transmitted to humans or other vertebrates like domestic animals through bites. The infection caused by the virus can then reach the central nervous system which can lead to encephalitis — inflammation of the active tissues of the brain.
What are the symptoms of Chandipura virus infection?
The CHPV infection presents initially with flu-like symptoms such as acute onset of fever, body ache, and headache. It may then progress to altered sensorium or seizures and encephalitis.
Retrospective studies from India have also reported other symptoms such as respiratory distress, bleeding tendencies, or anaemia.
The infection often progresses rapidly after encephalitis, which may then lead to mortality within 24-48 hours of hospitalisation, according to studies.
Susceptibility has largely remained limited to children below 15 years.
How can the infection be managed?
The infection can only be symptomatically managed as currently there is no specific antiretroviral therapy or vaccine available for treatment. As a result, it becomes crucial to manage brain inflammation to prevent mortality.
Disease progression can be as rapid as a patient reporting high fever in the morning, and their kidneys or liver being affected by the evening. This makes it harder to manage the symptoms, according to several paediatricians.
Which are the worst affected regions in India?
The Chandipura virus infection was first isolated in 1965 while investigating a dengue/chikungunya outbreak in Maharashtra. However, one of the most significant outbreaks of the disease in India was seen in 2003-04 in states such as Maharashtra, northern Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh, with the three states reporting more than 300 deaths of children.
Gujarat, during the 2004 outbreak, saw a case fatality rate (CFR) of around 78% while CFR in Andhra Pradesh, during the 2003 outbreak, was pegged at around 55%.
The infection has largely remained endemic to the central part of India, where the population of Chandipura virus infection-spreading sandflies and mosquitoes is higher.
Has the disease pattern changed over the years?
According to Dr Sandipkumar Trivedi, Yes, the disease patten changed over the years. former executive board member of the Indian Association of Pediatrics. He said that there are changes in patterns being reported — both in the disease manifestation as well as the vector.
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